noun clauses: dependent clause talking about an object. a clause that acts as an object
example: I get very kinky when I'm hungry adjective clauses: dependent clause that changes a word like an adjective. An adjective clause begins with phrases like that, when, where, who, what, and why. adjective clause gives information or data to identify the word it changes. example: Sunday is the day where I spend quality time with my family. adverbial clauses: dependent clause that works as an adverb ; that is, the whole clause changes a verb, adjective, or other adverb. Like all clauses, it includes a topic and predicate, although the topic and the verb may sometimes be ignored. example: Because his mom believed him, she didn't think her kid was cheating in school.
0 Comments
Human Cloning Should Be Banned Even though human cloning gives the opportunity for a potential parents to choose particular traits for their children, human cloning should strongly be banned because human cloning is ethically problematic, unacceptable, and it poses a large number of problems. In the 21st century, human cloning has becoming a common topic as technology advances. Though it has not happened yet, but it is in testing stages. However, the image above is the result of a quick google search of the term "Human cloning" in Google Trends, it shows that there is a constant downward trend in its search from 2004 onwards. Human cloning is the invention of a copy for an existing or originally existing human being that is genetically similar. The dilemma on whether or not human cloning should be legal is a highly charged one. Maybe even personal, based on one's moral position on the topic. And as the response is so closely connected to one's point of view, this dilemma cannot be addressed in a way that satisfies everyone. When the motive of cloning is to form an exact copy, if scientists clone a human that happens to be completely identical to the original, the question needs to be asked is, whether the cloned human is a different individual from the original and earns the same rights as any other human? Through human cloning, it can give you the opportunity and advantage to choose a particular traits for your children. It means that it is possible to choose the gender, eye color and other traits. This is definitely an enormous benefit and a fantastic way to use science in a new positive light for human beings. However, human cloning has harmful, very bad impact towards the human beings as well as our future generations. Although genes are clearly identified as affecting actions and cognitive function, "genetically similar" does not mean completely similar; hardly anyone would refuse to accept that identical twins are different people, with separate thoughts and feelings, yet even with seeming to be natural human clones with identical DNA, and not intersecting characters entirely. The connection over an "original" and a clone, though unexciting it may sound, is also quite similar to that between identical twins raised apart; they share the same genes, however little of the same environment. Can a human be cloned? The answer is, strongly no. According www.unifr.ch.html, it is stated that, “on September 21, 2000, an American couple planning to pay $ 500,000 for a clone of their dead infant daughter to Las Vegas-based company called Clonaid. But at the end, none of the undertakings created has reported success.” This shows that there is hardly any verified human clone has been produced until today. If the human reproductive cloning begins, it is likely that the main method scientists would use is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is the same method used to produce Dolly the sheep. Somatic nuclear transfer of cells (SCNT) begins when a female giver or donor takes the ovum and removes its nucleus, producing an enucleated egg. A cell containing the DNA is then taken from the individual who is in the process of being cloned. Then, the enucleated egg is implanted using electric power with the cell of the cloning subject. This produces an embryo that is implanted by in vitro fertilization towards a surrogate mother. If the method is effective, then at the end of a regular gestation period, the surrogate mother will give birth to a baby who is a copy of the cloning subject. According to www.upi.com, it is stated that, “even if cloned human embryos are created successfully, the odds still are against further success, Robert Lanza (vice president of medical and scientific development at Advanced Cell Technology Inc., of Worcester, Mass) said. About 40 percent of the time, the embryos do not implant into the womb. Of those that do, only 10 percent to 20 percent will go to term and over 25 percent of these will not survive past birth, he said.” The statement above indicates that the process of cloning is highly risky for all participants, especially the clone itself, as the results from past experiments of human cloning show that the success percentage of past cloning experiments are very low. These In fact, 80% - 90% of human cloning attempts have been labelled as "failure," and 10% - 20% of the cloned meaning that human DNA is only put at risk during the process. Human DNA could be infected, as mentioned before, there are very few chances of success. Human cloning is ethically unacceptable, because it poses a large number of significant problems that would arise from it. Human Cloning risks the possibility of shorten life because, since older cells are being used to form human copies, it is possible that the developing embryos can adopt their imprinted age, which then can create some difficulties of premature aging and possibly even premature death. Moreover, Most cloned children will live a life filled with hospital, medication, surgery, and experience tremendous pain, thus the cloning process is certainly too dangerous to attempt on human beings. This is because these clones may experience several birth defects or abnormalities such as significantly increased birth size, hepatic and brain defects, lung, kidney and cardiovascular issues, failure of the immune system and rapid unexplained death. Second, cloning a similar characteristics will reduce the size of the human gene pool over the time, causing devastating impact on human survival. Small gene pool populations are at greater threat of extinction than larger gene pools. This is because owning two or more genes in a population enables higher flexibility in the coping with the atmosphere or environment, as well as fighting diseases. Furthermore, human cloning could lead to the decreasing value of human’s life. cloning would promotes a knowledge of children and people as a whole, as something that can be designed and produced to have particular characteristics or traits. When human cloning is on the massive rise, human beings may very well become more of a commodity than an individual. Because parents don't really like the kids they've got, they'd then go clone another copy in the expectations of getting it ideal next time. It may also develop a new division of the society, in which ideal clones would be treated differently from those that are born naturally. It is concluded that cloning humans are totally wrong, with the technology at the moment potentially involving a large number of defective pregnancies to produce a single live baby clone. Evidence also shows that clones almost always have genetic defects developed-in and are bad for health, study and methods on human cloning could place the clones at inappropriate consequences like shortened life, poor health or any other unidentified dangerous issues. Perhaps it can also lead them to premature ageing and even death. They think that bringing kids into the world would be completely wrong, realizing they could be impacted by these issues. With human life's respect and genetic diversity at risk and threat, individuals may unwillingly be copied, leaving millions of cells around every day as they go through their normal lives shedding skin. Ultimately, legalizing wide-ranging cloning might resulting to an insult for an individual's life on earth and the individual’s value, which might eventually diminish all human beings There really is no reliable information about who will have the power to control over who gets cloned, and firms are already earning money from collecting deceased partners and children's tissues until the time when human cloning becomes commonly available. Works cited Ayres, Crystal. "16 Important Pros And Cons Of Cloning Humans." Green Garage. N.p., 2015. https://greengarageblog.org/16-important- pros-and-cons-of-cloning-humans Bonsor, Kevin, and Cristen Conger. "How Human Cloning Will Work." HowStuffWorks. https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/human-cloning1.htm Brenner, Laurier. "The Pros & Cons Of Cloning." Leaf Group Education. N.p., 2018. https://sciencing.com/pros-cons-cloning-5453902.html Palacios, César. "Human Reproductive Cloning – Science Ethics." Scienceethics.wordpress.com. N.p., 2013. https://scienceethics.wordpress.com/tag/human-reproductive-cloning/ Mitchell, Steve. "Human Cloning Has How Chance Of Success." UPI. N.p., 2002. https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2002/08/14/Human-cloning-has-low-chance-of-success/83591029360968/ Rusconi, Sandro. "Claims Of Human Cloning?." UNIFR. N.p., 2003. https://www.unifr.ch/nfp37/humancloning.html Human Cloning Should Be Banned
Even though human cloning gives the opportunity for a potential parents to choose particular traits for their children, human cloning should strongly be banned because human cloning is ethically problematic, unacceptable, and it poses a large number of problems. In the 21st century, human cloning has becoming a common topic as technology advances. Though it has not happened yet, but it is in testing stages. Human cloning is the invention of a copy for an existing or originally existing human being that is genetically similar. The dilemma on whether or not human cloning should be legal is a highly charged one. Maybe even personal, based on one's moral position on the topic. And as the response is so closely connected to one's point of view, this dilemma cannot be addressed in a way that satisfies everyone. When the motive of cloning is to form an exact copy, if scientists clone a human that happens to be completely identical to the original, the question needs to be asked is, whether the cloned human is a different individual from the original and earns the same rights as any other human? Through human cloning, it gives you the opportunity and advantage to choose particular traits for your children. It means that it is possible to choose the gender, eye color and other traits. This is definitely an enormous benefit and a fantastic way to use science in a new positive light for human beings. However, human cloning has harmful, very bad impact towards the human beings as well as our future generations. Although genes are clearly identified as affecting actions and cognitive function, "genetically similar" does not mean completely similar; hardly anyone would refuse to accept that identical twins are different people, with separate thoughts and feelings, yet even with seeming to be natural human clones with identical DNA, and not intersecting characters entirely. The connection over an "original" and a clone, though unexciting it may sound, is also quite similar to that between identical twins raised apart; they share the same genes, however little of the same environment. Can a human be cloned? The answer is, strongly no. According to www.unifr.ch.html it is stated that, “on September 21, 2000, an American couple planning to pay $ 500,000 for a clone of their dead infant daughter to Las Vegas-based company called Clonaid. But at the end, none of the undertakings created has reported success.” This shows that there is hardly any verified human clone has been produced until today. If the human reproductive cloning begins, it is likely that the main method scientists would use is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is the same method used to produce Dolly the sheep. Somatic nuclear transfer of cells (SCNT) begins when a female giver or donor takes the ovum and removes its nucleus, producing an enucleated egg. A cell containing the DNA is then taken from the individual who is in the process of being cloned. Then, the enucleated egg is implanted using electric power with the cell of the cloning subject. This produces an embryo that is implanted by in vitro fertilization towards a surrogate mother. If the method is effective, then at the end of a regular gestation period, the surrogate mother will give birth to a baby who is a copy of the cloning subject. According to www.upi.com it is stated that, “even if cloned human embryos are created successfully, the odds still are against further success, Robert Lanza (vice president of medical and scientific development at Advanced Cell Technology Inc., of Worcester, Mass) said. About 40 percent of the time, the embryos do not implant into the womb. Of those that do, only 10 percent to 20 percent will go to term and over 25 percent of these will not survive past birth, he said.” The statement above shows that the process of cloning is highly risky for all participants, especially the clone as results from past experiments of human cloning show that the success percentage of past cloning experiments are very low. These In fact, 80% - 90% of human cloning attempts have been labelled as "failure," and 10% - 20% of the cloned meaning that human DNA is only put at risk during the process. Human DNA could be infected, as mentioned before, there are very few chances of success. Human cloning is ethically unacceptable, because it poses a large number of significant problems that would arise from it. Human Cloning risks the possibility of shorten life because, since older cells are being used to form human copies, it is possible that the developing embryos can adopt their imprinted age, which then can create some difficulties of premature aging and possibly even premature death. Moreover, Most cloned children will live a life filled with hospital, medication, surgery, and experience tremendous pain, thus the cloning process is certainly too dangerous to attempt on human beings. This is because these clones may experience several birth defects or abnormalities such as significantly increased birth size, hepatic and brain defects, lung, kidney and cardiovascular issues, failure of the immune system and rapid unexplained death. Second, cloning a similar characteristics will reduce the size of the human gene pool over the time, causing devastating impact on human survival. Small gene pool populations are at greater threat of extinction than larger gene pools. This is because owning two or more genes in a population enables higher flexibility in the coping with the atmosphere or environment, as well as fighting diseases. Furthermore, human cloning could lead to the decreasing value of human’s life. cloning would promotes a knowledge of children and people as a whole, as something that can be designed and produced to have particular characteristics or traits. When human cloning is on the massive rise, human beings may very well become more of a commodity than an individual. Because parents don't really like the kids they've got, they'd then go clone another copy in the expectations of getting it ideal next time. It may also develop a new division of the society, in which ideal clones would be treated differently from those that are born naturally. Study and methods on human cloning could place the clones at inappropriate consequences like shortened life, poor health or any other unidentified issues. Ultimately, legalizing wide-ranging cloning might resulting to an insult for an individual's life on earth and the individual’s value, which might eventually diminish all human beings. It is concluded that cloning humans are totally wrong, with the technology at the moment potentially involving a large number of defective pregnancies to produce a single live baby clone. Evidence also shows that clones almost always have genetic defects developed-in and are bad for health, study and methods on human cloning could place the clones at inappropriate consequences like shortened life, poor health or any other unidentified dangerous issues. Perhaps it can also lead them to premature ageing and even death. They think that bringing kids into the world would be completely wrong, realizing they could be impacted by these issues. With human life's respect and genetic diversity at risk and threat, individuals may unwillingly be copied, leaving millions of cells around every day as they go through their normal lives shedding skin. Ultimately, legalizing wide-ranging cloning might resulting to an insult for an individual's life on earth and the individual’s value, which might eventually diminish all human beings There really is no reliable information about who will have the power to control over who gets cloned, and firms are already earning money from collecting deceased partners and children's tissues until the time when human cloning becomes commonly available. Human Cloning Should Be Banned
Even though human cloning gives the opportunity for a potential parents to choose particular traits for their children, human cloning should strongly be banned because human cloning is ethically problematic, unacceptable, and it poses a large number of problems. In the 21st century, human cloning has becoming a common topic as technology advances. Though it has not happened yet, but it is in testing stages. Human cloning is the invention of a copy for an existing or originally existing human being that is genetically similar. The dilemma on whether or not human cloning should be legal is a highly charged one. Maybe even personal, based on one's moral position on the topic. And as the response is so closely connected to one's point of view, this dilemma cannot be addressed in a way that satisfies everyone. When the motive of cloning is to form an exact copy, if scientists clone a human that happens to be completely identical to the original, the question needs to be asked is, whether the cloned human is a different individual from the original and earns the same rights as any other human? Through human cloning, it gives you the opportunity and advantage to choose particular traits for your children. It means that it is possible to choose the gender, eye color and other traits. This is definitely an enormous benefit and a fantastic way to use science in a new positive light for human beings. However, human cloning has harmful, very bad impact towards the human beings as well as our future generations. Although genes are clearly identified as affecting actions and cognitive function, "genetically similar" does not mean completely similar; hardly anyone would refuse to accept that identical twins are different people, with separate thoughts and feelings, yet even with seeming to be natural human clones with identical DNA, and not intersecting characters entirely. The connection over an "original" and a clone, though unexciting it may sound, is also quite similar to that between identical twins raised apart; they share the same genes, however little of the same environment. Can a human be cloned? The answer is, strongly no. According to www.unifr.ch.html it is stated that, “on September 21, 2000, an American couple planning to pay $ 500,000 for a clone of their dead infant daughter to Las Vegas-based company called Clonaid. But at the end, none of the undertakings created has reported success.” This shows that there is hardly any verified human clone has been produced until today. If the human reproductive cloning begins, it is likely that the main method scientists would use is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is the same method used to produce Dolly the sheep. Somatic nuclear transfer of cells (SCNT) begins when a female giver or donor takes the ovum and removes its nucleus, producing an enucleated egg. A cell containing the DNA is then taken from the individual who is in the process of being cloned. Then, the enucleated egg is implanted using electric power with the cell of the cloning subject. This produces an embryo that is implanted by in vitro fertilization towards a surrogate mother. If the method is effective, then at the end of a regular gestation period, the surrogate mother will give birth to a baby who is a copy of the cloning subject. According to www.upi.com it is stated that, “even if cloned human embryos are created successfully, the odds still are against further success, Robert Lanza (vice president of medical and scientific development at Advanced Cell Technology Inc., of Worcester, Mass) said. About 40 percent of the time, the embryos do not implant into the womb. Of those that do, only 10 percent to 20 percent will go to term and over 25 percent of these will not survive past birth, he said.” The statement above shows that the process of cloning is highly risky for all participants, especially the clone as results from past experiments of human cloning show that the success percentage of past cloning experiments are very low. These In fact, 80% - 90% of human cloning attempts have been labelled as "failure," and 10% - 20% of the cloned meaning that human DNA is only put at risk during the process. Human DNA could be infected, as mentioned before, there are very few chances of success. Human cloning is ethically unacceptable, because it poses a large number of significant problems that would arise from it. Human Cloning risks the possibility of shorten life because, since older cells are being used to form human copies, it is possible that the developing embryos can adopt their imprinted age, which then can create some difficulties of premature aging and possibly even premature death. Moreover, Most cloned children will live a life filled with hospital, medication, surgery, and experience tremendous pain, thus the cloning process is certainly too dangerous to attempt on human beings. This is because these clones may experience several birth defects or abnormalities such as significantly increased birth size, hepatic and brain defects, lung, kidney and cardiovascular issues, failure of the immune system and rapid unexplained death. Second, cloning a similar characteristics will reduce the size of the human gene pool over the time, causing devastating impact on human survival. Small gene pool populations are at greater threat of extinction than larger gene pools. This is because owning two or more genes in a population enables higher flexibility in the coping with the atmosphere or environment, as well as fighting diseases. Furthermore, human cloning could lead to the decreasing value of human’s life. cloning would promotes a knowledge of children and people as a whole, as something that can be designed and produced to have particular characteristics or traits. When human cloning is on the massive rise, human beings may very well become more of a commodity than an individual. Because parents don't really like the kids they've got, they'd then go clone another copy in the expectations of getting it ideal next time. It may also develop a new division of the society, in which ideal clones would be treated differently from those that are born naturally. Study and methods on human cloning could place the clones at inappropriate consequences like shortened life, poor health or any other unidentified issues. Ultimately, legalizing wide-ranging cloning might resulting to an insult for an individual's life on earth and the individual’s value, which might eventually diminish all human beings. Human Cloning Should Be Banned
Even though human cloning gives the opportunity for a potential parents to choose particular traits for their children, human cloning should strongly be banned because human cloning is ethically problematic, unacceptable, and it poses a large number of problems. In the 21st century, human cloning has becoming a common topic as technology advances. Though it has not happened yet, but it is in testing stages. Human cloning is the invention of a copy for an existing or originally existing human being that is genetically similar. The dilemma on whether or not human cloning should be legal is a highly charged one. Maybe even personal, based on one's moral position on the topic. And as the response is so closely connected to one's point of view, this dilemma cannot be addressed in a way that satisfies everyone. When the motive of cloning is to form an exact copy, if scientists clone a human that happens to be completely identical to the original, the question needs to be asked is, whether the cloned human is a different individual from the original and earns the same rights as any other human? Through human cloning, it gives you the opportunity and advantage to choose particular traits for your children. It means that it is possible to choose the gender, eye color and other traits. This is definitely an enormous benefit and a fantastic way to use science in a new positive light for human beings. However, human cloning has harmful, very bad impact towards the human beings as well as our future generations. Although genes are clearly identified as affecting actions and cognitive function, "genetically similar" does not mean completely similar; hardly anyone would refuse to accept that identical twins are different people, with separate thoughts and feelings, yet even with seeming to be natural human clones with identical DNA, and not intersecting characters entirely. The connection over an "original" and a clone, though unexciting it may sound, is also quite similar to that between identical twins raised apart; they share the same genes, however little of the same environment. Can a human be cloned? The answer is, strongly no. According to www.unifr.ch.html it is stated that, “on September 21, 2000, an American couple planning to pay $ 500,000 for a clone of their dead infant daughter to Las Vegas-based company called Clonaid. But at the end, none of the undertakings created has reported success.” This shows that there is hardly any verified human clone has been produced until today. If the human reproductive cloning begins, it is likely that the main method scientists would use is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is the same method used to produce Dolly the sheep. Somatic nuclear transfer of cells (SCNT) begins when a female giver or donor takes the ovum and removes its nucleus, producing an enucleated egg. A cell containing the DNA is then taken from the individual who is in the process of being cloned. Then, the enucleated egg is implanted using electric power with the cell of the cloning subject. This produces an embryo that is implanted by in vitro fertilization towards a surrogate mother. If the method is effective, then at the end of a regular gestation period, the surrogate mother will give birth to a baby who is a copy of the cloning subject. According to www.upi.com, it is stated that, “even if cloned human embryos are created successfully, the odds still are against further success, Robert Lanza (vice president of medical and scientific development at Advanced Cell Technology Inc., of Worcester, Mass) said. About 40 percent of the time, the embryos do not implant into the womb. Of those that do, only 10 percent to 20 percent will go to term and over 25 percent of these will not survive past birth, he said.” The statement above shows that the process of cloning is highly risky for all participants, especially the clone as results from past experiments of human cloning show that the success percentage of past cloning experiments are very low. These In fact, 80% - 90% of human cloning attempts have been labelled as "failure," and 10% - 20% of the cloned meaning that human DNA is only put at risk during the process. Human DNA could be infected, as mentioned before, there are very few chances of success. Human cloning is ethically unacceptable, because it poses a large number of significant problems that would arise from it. Human Cloning risks the possibility of shorten life because, since older cells are being used to form human copies, it is possible that the developing embryos can adopt their imprinted age, which then can create some difficulties of premature aging and possibly even premature death. Moreover, Most cloned children will live a life filled with hospital, medication, surgery, and experience tremendous pain, thus the cloning process is certainly too dangerous to attempt on human beings. This is because these clones may experience several birth defects or abnormalities such as significantly increased birth size, hepatic and brain defects, lung, kidney and cardiovascular issues, failure of the immune system and rapid unexplained death. Second, cloning a similar characteristics will reduce the size of the human gene pool over the time, causing devastating impact on human survival. Small gene pool populations are at greater threat of extinction than larger gene pools. This is because owning two or more genes in a population enables higher flexibility in the coping with the atmosphere or environment, as well as fighting diseases. Human Cloning Should Be Banned
Even though human cloning gives the opportunity for a potential parents to choose particular traits for their children, human cloning should strongly be banned because human cloning is ethically problematic, unacceptable, and it poses a large number of problems. In the 21st century, human cloning has becoming a common topic as technology advances. Though it has not happened yet, but it is in testing stages. Human cloning is the invention of a copy for an existing or originally existing human being that is genetically similar. The dilemma on whether or not human cloning should be legal is a highly charged one. Maybe even personal, based on one's moral position on the topic. And as the response is so closely connected to one's point of view, this dilemma cannot be addressed in a way that satisfies everyone. When the motive of cloning is to form an exact copy, if scientists clone a human that happens to be completely identical to the original, the question needs to be asked is, whether the cloned human is a different individual from the original and earns the same rights as any other human? Through human cloning, it gives you the opportunity and advantage to choose particular traits for your children. It means that it is possible to choose the gender, eye color and other traits. This is definitely an enormous benefit and a fantastic way to use science in a new positive light for human beings. However, human cloning has harmful, very bad impact towards the human beings as well as our future generations. Although genes are clearly identified as affecting actions and cognitive function, "genetically similar" does not mean completely similar; hardly anyone would refuse to accept that identical twins are different people, with separate thoughts and feelings, yet even with seeming to be natural human clones with identical DNA, and not intersecting characters entirely. The connection over an "original" and a clone, though unexciting it may sound, is also quite similar to that between identical twins raised apart; they share the same genes, however little of the same environment. Can a human be cloned? The answer is, strongly no. According to https://www.unifr.ch/nfp37/humancloning.html it is stated that, “on September 21, 2000, an American couple planning to pay $ 500,000 for a clone of their dead infant daughter to Las Vegas-based company called Clonaid. But at the end, none of the undertakings created has reported success.” This shows that there is hardly any verified human clone has been produced until today. If the human reproductive cloning begins, it is likely that the main method scientists would use is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is the same method used to produce Dolly the sheep. Somatic nuclear transfer of cells (SCNT) begins when a female giver or donor takes the ovum and removes its nucleus, producing an enucleated egg. A cell containing the DNA is then taken from the individual who is in the process of being cloned. Then, the enucleated egg is implanted using electric power with the cell of the cloning subject. This produces an embryo that is implanted by in vitro fertilization towards a surrogate mother. If the method is effective, then at the end of a regular gestation period, the surrogate mother will give birth to a baby who is a copy of the cloning subject. Human Cloning Should Be Banned
Even though human cloning gives the opportunity for a potential parents to choose particular traits for their children, human cloning should strongly be banned because human cloning is ethically problematic, unacceptable, and it poses a large number of problems. In the 21st century, human cloning has becoming a common topic as technology advances. Though it has not happened yet, but it is in testing stages. Human cloning is the invention of a copy for an existing or originally existing human being that is genetically similar. The dilemma on whether or not human cloning should be legal is a highly charged one. Maybe even personal, based on one's moral position on the topic. And as the response is so closely connected to one's point of view, this dilemma cannot be addressed in a way that satisfies everyone. When the motive of cloning is to form an exact copy, if scientists clone a human that happens to be completely identical to the original, the question needs to be asked is, whether the cloned human is a different individual from the original and earns the same rights as any other human? Title: Human Cloning Should Be Banned
Introduction Thesis: Even though human cloning gives the opportunity for a potential parents to choose particular traits for their children, human cloning should strongly be banned because human cloning is ethically problematic, unacceptable, and it poses a large number of problems. Counter argument Gives an opportunity for parents to choose specific traits for the children Body paragraphs question, image, citation, data 1. background information, introducing human cloning 2. least important point, counter-argument 3. specific information, how it works 4. most important point, reasons why human cloning should be banned Conclusion
Fatimah M. Desrily
Mr. Glynn Cordry English 10 5 April 2019 European Hornets European hornets were introduced into New York from Europe sometime between 1840 and 1860. They have spread and now occupy territory from the east coast to the Mississippi. The hornet (Vespa Crabro) is a wasp; part of the Hymenoptera Order. It is much bigger than common wasps or German wasps but, the life cycle of the hornet is very similar. The European hornet was the first introduced species first reported in the United States in 1840 in New York. Its Geographical range extends from the Northeastern states west to the Dakotas, and south to Louisiana and Florida. Technically, the European hornet is the only true hornet in North America. European hornets somewhat unique in their feeding behaviors that they hunt at night, they are also attracted to light and can often be found buzzing around porch lights. Humans are unlikely to be stung by European hornets unless the nest site is disturbed or attacked. To avoid being stung, simply avoid disturbing the nest site. Hornet venom was obtained by irritating insects with tweezers on their torso and abdomen, resulting in stinging reaction. Hornet venom is toxic hornets, that it can kill other hornets of the same species. This indicate that Vespa crabro venom is toxic for its own species, as well as to other insects. European hornet colonies often contain 300 or more workers by September or October. These workers are unique among the yellowjackets for their ability to forage at night. Although the workers will sting if handled, they are not normally aggressive unless the colony is threatened. The adult European hornet worker is approximately 25mm in length, with yellow and brown coloration. The overwintering queens are somewhat larger – up to 35mm. The nests are typically located in a cavity, such as a hollow tree or wall void. Hornets nests are usually more significant than a wasp nest, but the amount of individuals contained within the nest is much smaller than a wasp nest, typically between 200-400 hornets per nest. Each fall, the colony produces males and females that mate, and the females become next year’s queens. Only the overwintering queens survive in protected sites. The females are destined to become the queens of future generations of hornets, while the males have just one purpose that is to mate with the new queens. Queen hornets that have hibernated through the winter become active in the spring. They search for a place to start building their nest, and once a suitable location is chosen, the queen will start to strip wood, and chew the wood which then will be mixed with saliva to form a lightweight, waterproof, and robust material. The nest starts with a centre stalk called a petiole. The queen then adds cells around this centre stalk. These cells are formed into combs which are similar to those in a Bee Hive. Once construction of the initial cells is complete, the queen will begin to lay eggs into the cells which takes 5-8 days before the first eggs hatch into hornet larvae. After around 2 weeks, the larvae are ready to pupate, they spin a silk cap over the top of the cell and transform into adult hornets. These adult hornets take over the duties of nest building and collecting food for new larvae, while the queen concentrates on egg laying only. When the nest has reached its maximum size, the worker hornets build special cells in the nest to be reserved for new queen larvae and male larvae. Once these new queens have pupated into fully formed queen hornets, they leave the nest and fly off to search for male drones from other nests to mate with, and the whole cycle starts again in the spring, where each of these new queens will build a new nest. After the new queen hornets have left the nest, no other eggs are laid by the original queen. When the first frosts arrive andthe temperature drops, the nest starts to die off. Some nests survive longer than others if they are located in warm loft spaces, but usually by Christmas, the nests are dead and all the worker hornets, also the male drones along with the original queen will have died. |